磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(phoshorus,P)是(shi)半金屬,有(you)(you)四(si)種同素異形體:黃(huang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(白磷(lin)(lin)(lin))有(you)(you)劇(ju)毒(du);紅磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(赤磷(lin)(lin)(lin))毒(du)性(xing)(xing)較小(xiao);紫(zi)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)及(ji)黑磷(lin)(lin)(lin)非常少見,毒(du)性(xing)(xing)很小(xiao),不易點燃。黃(huang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)遇濕(shi)空氣(qi)可氧化(hua)為(wei)(wei)次(ci)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸和磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸。黃(huang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)易與金屬、鹵素及(ji)氫氣(qi)等反應生(sheng)成磷(lin)(lin)(lin)化(hua)物。黃(huang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)經口(kou)(kou)致(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)量(liang)約為(wei)(wei)60~100mg,吸收量(liang)達1.0mg/kg時(shi)可致(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)。磷(lin)(lin)(lin)化(hua)鋅致(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)2g~3 g。磷(lin)(lin)(lin)化(hua)氫在l0mg/m3濃(nong)度(du)左右接觸6h出現磷(lin)(lin)(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)癥狀,400~846mg/m3濃(nong)度(du)下0.5~lh可致(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)亡。一般中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)的原因(yin)是(shi)直接皮膚接觸、呼(hu)吸道(dao)吸入及(ji)誤(wu)服、誤(wu)用。經皮膚吸收,進展緩慢;經口(kou)(kou)及(ji)呼(hu)吸道(dao)吸入,進展快速(su)。職業性(xing)(xing)急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)多(duo)見于生(sheng)產(chan)事(shi)故,由熔化(hua)的磷(lin)(lin)(lin)灼傷皮膚,并吸收入體內產(chan)生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)。日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)可因(yin)誤(wu)服黃(huang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)而(er)引(yin)起中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)。