問常見酸堿平衡失常有哪些?
酸堿平衡失常(chang)(chang)是臨床上(shang)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)電解質紊亂,主要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)酸中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)、代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)堿中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)、呼吸(xi)性(xing)(xing)酸中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)和呼吸(xi)性(xing)(xing)堿中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)四種類(lei)型。代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)酸中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)于糖尿病(bing)酮癥(zheng)酸中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)、腎功能不全(quan)、嚴重(zhong)腹瀉(xie)等情況(kuang);代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)堿中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)則多見(jian)于嘔吐、低(di)氯性(xing)(xing)堿中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)等;呼吸(xi)性(xing)(xing)酸中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)多由(you)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)阻塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)肺疾病(bing)、呼吸(xi)衰竭等引(yin)起;呼吸(xi)性(xing)(xing)堿中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)則與過度通氣、中(zhong)樞神經系統疾病(bing)等有關。這些酸堿平衡失常(chang)(chang)需(xu)要(yao)根(gen)據具體病(bing)因進行(xing)相應的(de)治療和糾(jiu)正。
- 王國文 副主任醫師 江西省人民醫院 急診科